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Autophagic cell death: A new frontier in cancer research  [PDF]
S. Zappavigna, A. Luce, G. Vitale, N. Merola, S. Facchini, M. Caraglia
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (ABB) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.42034
Abstract:

Autophagy is a conserved and tightly regulated cellular catabolic process that involves the lysosomal degradation pathway. Intracellular recycling of macromolecules and organelles provided by autophagy is an integral part of normal cellular function and permits cells survival under starvation conditions, maintaining cell growth and the homeostasis of organisms. In addition to its normal role in cell physiology, auto- phagy is closely linked to both tumorigenesis and cancer cell response to treatments. In fact, anticancer drugs can induce autophagy but it remains contro- versial whether this process leads to cancer cell death or protects cancer cells from cellular stress. The role of autophagy in cancer is complex and is likely dependent on tumor type, stage, and genetic context. However, recent evidences demonstrate a tight interconnection of autophagy with several cell death pathways and reveal an active contribution of auto- phagy to cell death. When autophagy is directly in- volved in the death process, the cell death process is designated “autophagic cell death” (ACD). In this review, we will give a comprehensive overview of the autophagic signaling pathway, its role and regulation in cancer cells; moreover, we will try to define the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the autophagic cell death showing that PPAR-γ activation plays a role in the induction of autophagy in cancer cells.

Modelo operário e percep？？o de riscos ocupacionais e ambientais: o uso exemplar de estudo descritivo
Facchini,Luiz A.; Weiderpass,Elisabete; Tomasi,Elaine;
Revista de Saúde Pública , 1991, DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89101991000500012
Abstract: an attempt was made to identify the risks resulting from exposure to the chemicals to which workers are exposed as well as from the poor working conditions to which they are subject in a chemical and pharmaceutical factory. a descriptive study based on the "workers model" - a methodological approach developed in italy in the 60's, was carried out. such a study requires direct contact with the workers and has the advantage of overcoming the difficulty of gaining access to their work-place. the activities of the different departments of the plant were reconstructed and the main chemicals used, the main physical complaints, the potencial harms and the main environmental risks identified. the repon on the harmful working conditions produced was used by the workers as a means of pressing the authorities into carrying out an inspection of the plant concerned to verify its accuracy. the report's findings have been confirmed and demonstrate the usefulness of the methocological approach adopted. the workers' publicizing of the study's findings through the means of mass communication have helped to build up greater public awareness of the occupational and environmental risks of that particular industrial activity.
Lense-Thirring precession around supermassive black holes during tidal disruption events
A. Franchini,G. Lodato,S. Facchini
Physics , 2015, DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stv2417
Abstract: A tidal disruption event (TDE) occurs when a star wanders close enough to a black hole to be disrupted by its tidal force. The debris of a tidally disrupted star are expected to form an accretion disc around the supermassive black hole. The light curves of these events sometimes show a quasi-periodic modulation of the flux that can be associated with the precession of the accretion disc due to the Lense-Thirring ("frame-dragging") effect. Since the initial star orbit is in general inclined with respect to the black hole spin, this misalignment combined with the Lense-Thirring effect leads to a warp in the disc. In this paper we provide a simple model of the system composed by a thick and narrow accretion disc surrounding a spinning supermassive black hole, with the aim to: (a) compute the expected precession period as a function of the system parameters, (b) discuss the conditions that have to be satisfied in order to have rigid precession, (c) investigate the alignment process, highlighting how different mechanisms play a role leading the disc and the black hole angular momenta into alignment.
Relation of air mass history to nucleation events in Po Valley, Italy, using back trajectories analysis
L. Sogacheva,A. Hamed,M. C. Facchini,M. Kulmala
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions , 2006,
Abstract: In this paper, we study the transport of air mass to San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) in Po Valley, Italy, by means of back trajectory analysis. Our main aim is to investigate whether air masses originate from different regions on nucleation event days and on nonevent days, during three years when nucleation events have been continuously recorded at SPC. The results indicate that nucleation events occur frequently in air masses arriving form Central Europe, whereas event frequency is much lower in air transported from southern directions and from the Atlantic Ocean. We also analyzed the behaviour of meteorological parameters during 96 h transport to SPC, and found that on average, event trajectories undergo stronger subsidence during the last 12 h before the arrival at SPC than nonevent trajectories. This causes a reversal in the temperature and relative humidity (RH) differences between event and nonevent trajectories: between 96 and 12 h back time, temperatures are lower and RH's higher for event than nonevent trajectories and between 12 and 0 h vice versa. Boundary layer mixing is stronger along the event trajectories compared to nonevent trajectories. The absolute humidity (AH) is similar for the event and nonevent trajectories between about 96 h and about 60 h back time, but after that, the event trajectories AH becomes lower due to stronger rain. We also studied transport of SO2 to SPC, and conclude that although sources in Po Valley most probably dominate the measured concentrations, certain Central and Eastern European sources can also have a non-negligible contribution.
Nuclear damages and oxidative stress: new perspectives for laminopathies
G. Lattanzi,S. Marmiroli,A. Facchini,N.M. Maraldi
European Journal of Histochemistry , 2012, DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2012.e45
Abstract: Mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins, particularly LMNA encoding the A-type lamins, cause a broad range of diverse diseases, referred to as laminopathies. The astonishing variety of diseased phenotypes suggests that different mechanisms could be involved in the pathogenesis of laminopathies. In this review we will focus mainly on two of these pathogenic mechanisms: the nuclear damages affecting the chromatin organization, and the oxidative stress causing un-repairable DNA damages. Alteration in the nuclear profile and in chromatin organization, which are particularly impressive in systemic laminopathies whose cells undergo premature senescence, are mainly due to accumulation of unprocessed prelamin A. The toxic effect of these molecular species, which interfere with chromatin-associated proteins, transcription factors, and signaling pathways, could be reduced by drugs which reduce their farnesylation and/or stability. In particular, inhibitors of farnesyl transferase (FTIs), have been proved to be active in rescuing the altered cellular phenotype, and statins, also in association with other drugs, have been included into pilot clinical trials. The identification of a mechanism that accounts for accumulation of un-repairable DNA damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in laminopathic cells, similar to that found in other muscular dystrophies (MDs) caused by altered expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, suggests that anti-oxidant therapeutic strategies might prove beneficial to laminopathic patients.
Characterization of chaotic dynamics in the vocalization of Cervus elaphus corsicanus
A. Facchini,S. Bastianoni,N. Marchettini,M. Rustici
Physics , 2005, DOI: 10.1121/1.1624071
Abstract: Chaos, oscillations, instabilities, intermittency represent only some nonlinear examples apparent in natural world. These phenomena appear in any field of study, and advances in complex and nonlinear dynamic techniques bring about opportunities to better understand animal signals. In this work we suggest an analysis method based on the characterization of the vocal fold dynamics by means of the nonlinear time series analysis, and by the computations of the parameters typical of chaotic oscillations: Attractor reconstruction, Spectrum of Lyapunov Exponents and Maximum Lyapunov Exponent was used to reconstruct the dynamic of the vocal folds. Identifying a sort of of vocal fingerprint can be useful in biodiversity monitoring and understanding the health status of a given animal. This method was applied to the vocalization of the Cervus elaphus corsicanus, the Sardinian Red Deer.
Effect of turbulence models' choice on the aero
A Beniaiche,B Facchini,C Carcasci,M Cerdoun,M Nadir
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0957650918772678
Abstract: In this paper, the commercial ANSYS Fluent software was used to achieve a numerical survey of the effect of five (05) turbulence models’ formulation on the aero-thermal computational fluid dynamics validation of two 30:1 scaled models reproducing an original internal ribbed trailing edge prototype. Tests were conducted for stationary and rotation conditions, for Re？=？10,000–40,000 and Ro？=？0–0.23. Particle image velocimetry and thermochromic liquid crystal experimental data were employed to check the consistence computational fluid dynamics results qualitatively and quantitatively, aerodynamically and thermally, for various working conditions. Numerical predictions revealed that the choice of the turbulence model affects the accuracy of results. Concerning the shear stress transport k-w model, limiters defined in the eddy viscosity formulation induce a surplus estimation of the turbulence kinetic energy (k) which leads to noticeable discrepancies in terms of velocity profiles and recirculation zones. Also, numerical calculations confirmed former experimental assumptions concerning origins of the aerodynamic structures and heat transfer's features, especially, those related to the increase of the cooling temperature balance efficiency, the appearance/disappearance of the horseshoe structures within the trailing edge region and velocities/boundary layers’ profile variations. The obtained results assist the understanding and the forecast of the flow field behavior, throughout the design process, by the assessment of the aerodynamic and thermal performances within the considered blade's cooling system
Probing the protoplanetary disk gas surface density distribution with 13CO emission
A. Miotello,E. F. van Dishoeck,S. Bruderer,S. Facchini
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833595
Abstract: Context. How protoplanetary disks evolve is still an unsolved problem where different processes may be involved. Depending on the process, the disk gas surface density distribution Σgas may be very different and this could have diverse implications for planet formation. Together with the total disk mass, it is key to constrain Σgas as function of disk radius R from observational measurements.Aims. In this work we investigate whether spatially resolved observations of rarer CO isotopologues, such as 13CO, may be good tracers of the gas surface density distribution in disks.Methods. Physical-chemical disk models with different input Σgas(R) were run, taking into account CO freeze-out and isotope-selective photodissociation. The input disk surface density profiles were compared with the simulated 13CO intensity radial profiles to check whether and where the two follow each other.Results. For each combination of disk parameters, there is always an intermediate region in the disk where the slope of the 13CO radial emission profile and Σgas(R) coincide. In the inner part of the disk, the line radial profile underestimates Σgas, as 13CO emission becomes optically thick. The same happens at large radii where the column densities become too low and 13CO is not able to efficiently self-shield. Moreover, the disk becomes too cold and a considerable fraction of 13CO is frozen out, thus it does not contribute to the line emission. If the gas surface density profile is a simple power-law of the radius, the input power-law index can be retrieved within a ~20% uncertainty if one choses the proper radial range. If instead Σgas(R) follows the self-similar solution for a viscously evolving disk, retrieving the input power-law index becomes challenging, in particular for small disks. Nevertheless, we find that the power-law index γ can be in any case reliably fitted at a given line intensity contour around 6 K km s？1, and this produces a practical method to constrain the slope of Σgas(R). Application of such a method is shown in the case study of the TW Hya disk.Conclusions. Spatially resolved 13CO line radial profiles are promising to probe the disk surface density distribution, as they directly trace Σgas(R) profile at radii well resolvable by ALMA. There, chemical processes like freeze-out and isotope-selective
"N？o faz mal pensar que n？o se está só": estilo, produ？？o cultural e feminismo entre as minas do rock em S？o Paulo
Facchini, Regina;
Cadernos Pagu , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S0104-83332011000100006
Abstract: this article aims to offer a contribution to the understanding of the various forms assumed by political activism in contemporary brazil, focusing specifically on the intersection between politics and style in the riot grrrls' feminism. in order to do that, it rescues material originated from ethnographic research carried out between 2004 and 2007 in the s？o paulo riot grrrls' scene. the research coincides with a specific moment of this scene, marked by its expansion, indicated by the growth of the volume of activities and of its visibility, and by the organization of annual editions of the ladyfest brasil - a cultural festival devised by women and for women that resumed and symbolized the scene's spirit, also integrating it to the calendar of international festivals of the same kind. the analysis proposes to consider the spectacular character of the style as a form of "making oneself visible" and of communicating with one another, as well as to consider the multiple power relations in which the communicated message is inscribed. therefore, it suggests thinking the styles as operators of difference, taking into account the fact that they are not produced by pre-given subjects, who act in complete awareness of the effects caused by a given composition of appearance, attitude and music. on the contrary, this article considers that the subjects are constituted in the process of quoting and dislocating social norms, and that this may be given in the process of composition of a style.
Cambio de conductas en tratamientos de larga duracion: Relacion medico-paciente
Facchini,Monica;
Medicina (Buenos Aires) , 2004,
Abstract: chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, among others, need long term treatments. the constitution of a basic alliance is the cornerstone of any therapeutic action. in the patient-centered approach, the aim is to enter their world in order to understand the subjective experience of the disease in a broader frame. it is relevant to involve the patient as an active, respected and fundamental participant of the changing process. the way a treatment is prescribed is as important as the treatment itself; the aim is to teach the patient how to follow his/her own treatment, relapses must not be considered failures but opportunities for learning. patients need to find their own solutions and motivations and be responsible for their health on a daily basis. we need to empower them to do so. long-term, successful and effective interventions require a treatment which focuses on compliance and self care.
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